Estrogen induces a state of GH resistance in the liver. It enhances GH secretion but decreases the efficiency with which GH stimulates IGF-1 production.
Estrogen interferes with GH receptor in the liver, suppressing STAT5b receptor activation, critical for IGF-1 conversion. .
1. Weissberger AJ, Ho KK, Lazarus L. J Clin Invest, 1991
“Estrogen administration was associated with a marked increase in mean serum GH concentrations, but a reduction in serum IGF-I levels, consistent with a state of hepatic resistance to GH.”
2. Leung KC, Johannsson G, Leong GM, Ho KK. Endocr Rev, 2004
“Estrogen attenuates the hepatic actions of GH by inhibiting GH receptor signaling, leading to a reduction in IGF-I generation and a state of acquired GH resistance.”
3. Veldhuis JD, Iranmanesh A, Ho KK. Eur J Endocrinol, 2005
“Administration of estrogen augments GH pulse frequency and amplitude but diminishes the IGF-I response, signifying impaired GH receptor-mediated signaling in the liver.”
4. Ho KK, Weissberger AJ. Metabolism, 1992
“The paradoxical rise in GH with a fall in IGF-I during estrogen exposure represents hepatic GH resistance induced by estrogen.”
The liver responds to estrogens and GH which are critical regulators of body growth, gender-related hepatic functions, and intermediate metabolism. The effec...
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women ...
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GH is main regulator of body growth and composition, somatic development, intermediate metabolism and gender-dependent dimorphism in mammals. The liver is a direct target of estrogens because it expresses estrogen receptors which are connected with ...
pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov