Public keys are used to encrypt messages that can only be decrypted by their matching private key. So for you to encrypt a message that only I can decrypt, you need to have MY public key and encrypt a email to me using that key. Likewise if I wanted to encrypt an email that only YOU can decrypt, I need to encrypt that email with YOUR public key.
There are a few ways to give someone your key:
1: Export it to the desktop (or wherever you want actually, it doesn't matter), it will create a .asc file with whatever name you associated with your key. Copy/send that file to whoever you need/want to have your public key.
2: Export your public key to your desktop. Open that file in notepad, it'll look similar to this:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
jasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*(&*(&HHLHLHjasdkfjasfjasdfk;j76786&*(^&*(^^(^&^^&(*^&*^HJjkljkl;*
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Highlight and copy that entire text, you have to copy the whole thing EXACTLY , including the -----begin pgp key----- and -----end pgp key----- Paste that into the body of the email that you are sending.
3: Upload your public key somewhere and include a download link in an email/pm
All three accomplish the same thing.