OK so products be sterilized absent an autoclave sure they can be! How thru the use of chemicals primarily. As Stretch mentioned few UGL, scratch that, NO UGL uses strict aseptic technique. Why because they don't need to!
Briefly there are three factors which will determine whether someone acquires an infection after pinning.
1) the number of bacteria injected
2) the virulence of those bacteria
3) the immune state of the host
Ok we all know the water we drink is not sterile BUT even in this circumstance the number of bacteria DOES matter. Consequently drinking water is tested for bacterial counts AND any TOXIC bacteria.
Now the same is obviously true of injected medications yet those factors I mentioned above are even more critical because most of the protective functions of the immune system has been bypassed.
ERGO, UGLs use "filtering paper" and pressure seives much like campers use to
clean brackish water. Obviously the cleaner the SOLVENT (liquid) and SOLUTE (AAS) the less complicated the entire process becomes.
Back to your question. The primary problem in medicine historically was the destruction of bacterial SPORES and viruses. This is accomplished with EITHER an AUTOCLAVE or chemical reagents (Hebiclens, Alcohol, Betadine or gases such as ethelene oxide).
Of course one of the major problems with these chemical is they may also be TISSUE TOXIC and cause damage themselves. So now you will need a sterile cleaning product such as water, a sterile basin, sterile towels, sterile etc.
The problem for the novice or UGL? To maintain absolute sterility EVERYTHING which comes in contact with that STERILE item must also be sterile. Now we have a relatively complicated and expensive.
So the AAS from UGLs are not sterile BUT IF they do their job correctly and we are knowledgeable about how to perform a injection properly infections are quite unusual and the MAJORITY (prob 90% IME) is the result of MIS-INFORMED,, HURRIED, or CARLESS TECHNIQUE.
JIM
