Are you fucking joking? Glucose is definitely a carb....
Also
A critical examination of dietary protein requirements, benefits, and excesses in athletes. - PubMed - NCBI
Perceived protein needs and measured protein intake in collegiate male athletes: an observational study
Evaluation of protein requirements for trained strength athletes. - PubMed - NCBI
Protein requirements for endurance athletes. - PubMed - NCBI
There's plenty more. Not going to spoon feed you. Also keep in mind that some of these studies done are on top level "athletes". Not gym bros who go to the ymca and do a split 5x a week.
Spoon feed me? Yet you ask me for the same thing I asked you lmao?
Your first link is only an abstract nothing more. Basically worthless.
Your second link is an observational study which doesn't prove anything.
Your third link uses nitrogen balance as the measure and I already told you the errors present with using nitrogen balance as an indicator for muscle gain or loss.
Your final link says nothing about going over the minimum requirements and doesn't show anything saying they're of no benefit.
Nice try but you haven't proved anything with any of those links lol.
Now if you'll give me till later after I finish work and the gym I'll do my best to "spoon feed" you tonight.
